| Abstract | Two series of numerical simulations based on the discrete element method were carried out to study the interaction of both multi-year sheet ice and multi-year ridge ice with a proposed six-sided, faceted, conical structure. In the first series, two physical tests were simulated, one using sheet ice and the other using ridge ice, with a small neck model of this faceted structure. The approach used in the simulations was verified by comparison of the simulation results with those from the tests. The ice failure process was analyzed. In the second series of simulations, the small neck of the structure was replaced by a large neck, but the other parameters of the structure and the ice remained the same. Comparison of the results from these two series of simulations showed the effect of neck size on both the sheet ice loads and the ridge ice loads exerted on the structure. |
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