Situation awareness in fast rescue crafts operators: a simulator study

From National Research Council Canada

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DOI	Resolve DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/15553434251390009
Author	Search for: MacDonald, John ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4109-5647; Search for: Sanli, Elizabeth; Search for: Smith, Jennifer¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-0572; Search for: Taber, Michael ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-048X; Search for: Ziv, Gal
Affiliation	National Research Council Canada. Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering
Funder	Search for: Marine Institute Research Start-Up Fund
Format	Text, Article
Subject	situation awareness; metacognition; marine operations; search and rescue; fast rescue craft; emergency response; simulation training
Abstract	This study investigated whether experience in maritime operations contributed to situation awareness (SA) and confidence among Fast Rescue Craft (FRC) operators during simulated maritime search and rescue (SAR) missions. A total of 20 novice and 20 experienced Canadian Coast Guard personnel were presented with collision avoidance scenarios of various difficulty levels on a desktop FRC simulator. A goal-directed task analysis (GDTA) was conducted to identify the critical goals, decisions, and information requirements underpinning FRC operations, providing a structured basis for scenario design and SA measurement. The results indicated that experienced operators had significantly higher Total SA scores. These differences were primarily attributable to stronger performance on Level 3 SA across all scenarios and Level 2 SA in head-on scenarios. Experienced participants also reported higher confidence in Level 1 and Level 2 SA, although no differences were found in Level 3 or Total SA confidence. Experienced operators’ navigation decisions were influenced by informal decision-making cues, especially when interpreting collision-avoidance regulations. The absence of significant differences in Level 3 SA confidence and Total SA confidence between experienced and novice operators suggests that the latter may be overconfident in predicting future events in complex maritime environments. To better prepare novice operators for real-world SAR operations, these findings suggest the potential value of training interventions that focus on specific SA components, particularly projection, and support the development of decision-making strategies under uncertainty.
Publication date	2025-10-21
Publisher	SAGE Publications
Licence	Creative Commons, Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
In	Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making (21 October 2025).
Language	English
In press	Yes
Peer reviewed	Yes
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Record identifier	3db291e1-14b8-4089-9a37-857768c1aaa3
Record created	2025-11-03
Record modified	2025-11-07

Date modified:: 2025-12-11