| Abstract | The International Maritime Organization brought into force the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) regulation in January 2023, with the aim to reduce ship emissions by 40% by 2030. The regulation contains specific treatment for ice-classed ships. This study introduces the concept of a maritime sandbox to investigate operational implications of the CII regulation on ice-classed ships. The maritime sandbox is a computer-based simulation tool that incorporates a ship performance model, environmental model, regulatory constraint models, and route optimization algorithms. Optimized routes, speeds, and operational performance estimates are identified for case studies of a bulk carrier transiting the Canadian Arctic. Three different ice-classes are considered: IA Super, IB, and non-ice-class. Results suggest there may be unintended consequences associated with CII correction factors and voyage adjustments for ice-classed ships, such as promoting navigation through ice and higher open water speeds, both of which increase emissions. |
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