| Abstract | In 1999 the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) embarked on an initiative to both revise the existing Offshore Standards that were adopted in the early 1990s and move forward to harmonize them with the ISO Offshore Structures Code. The updating process followed a consensus approach with care taken to ensure that due process was followed. Changes to CSA S471 General Requirements, Design Criteria, the Environment, and Loads, which sets the overall principles of the CSA Offshore Structures Code, were small, but there has been extensive revision of the Annex E Determination of ice loads as well as the addition of two new annexes, Annex H Accidental loads and Annex I Ice accretion on offshore structures. The revised CSA Code sets a basis for harmonization with the ISO Offshore Structures Code. |
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