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Detection and identification of spirolides in Norwegian shellfish and plankton

From National Research Council Canada

DOIResolve DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/tx049706n
AuthorSearch for: ; Search for: 1; Search for: 2; Search for: 2; Search for: ; Search for: ; Search for: 2
Affiliation
  1. National Research Council of Canada. Aquatic and Crop Resource Development
  2. National Research Council of Canada. Measurement Science and Standards
FormatText, Article
Subjectalgal blooms; aquaculture; bioassays; biological poisons; chemical analysis; digestive glands; glands; chromatographic techniques; jumping; lipophilic; liquid chromatography; metabolites; molecular structure; molecular weight; mussel culture; phytoplankton; poisonous organisms; plankton; public health; seafood; symptoms; shellfish; toxicity; toxicology; toxins; uptake; Bivalvia; Alexandrium ostenfeldii
Abstract
Mussels sampled in the spring of 2002 and 2003 from Skjer, a location in Sognefjord, Norway, tested positive in the mouse bioassay for lipophilic toxins. The symptoms, which included cramps, jumping, and short survival times (as low as 4 min), were not characteristic of toxins previously observed in Norway. A survey of the algae present at the aquaculture sites showed that the toxicity correlated with blooms of Alexandrium ostenfeldii. Up to 2200 cells/L were found at the peak of one bloom. In Canadian waters, this alga is known to be a producer of the cyclic imine toxins, spirolides. Analysis of mussel extracts from Skjer in the spring of 2002 and 2003, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of several new spirolides. The same compounds were also found in algal samples dominated by A. ostenfeldii, which had been sampled from Skjer in February 2003. A large-scale extraction of mussel digestive glands and chromatographic fractionation of the extracts allowed the isolation and structure elucidation of the main spirolide, 20-methyl spirolide G, with a molecular weight of 705.5. This is the first confirmed occurrence of spirolides in mussels and plankton from Norway.
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Terms of use
  • Copyright © 2005 American Chemical Society
In
  • Chemical Research in Toxicology 18, no. 3 (12 February 2005): 509–515.
LanguageEnglish
Peer reviewedYes
NRC numberNRCC 42465
1377
NPARC number3538547
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Record identifier896d6908-d066-4e25-92c7-0ce754019ad2
Record created2009-03-01
Record modified2020-04-07
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