| Abstract | This report presents the codes, standards, and regulations (CSR), R&D needs and gaps, hydrogen tolerance of key components and systems, demo cases, and Technology Development Matrix (TDM) analysis identified and determined for Power-to-Gas (P2G) technology. P2G technology enables hydrogen produced from electrolysis and renewable natural gas (RNG) produced by methanation to be injected into national gas grids, which permits large scale storage of green energy. If economically feasible, methane injection in the grid could represent considerable volumes since RNG complies with grid specifications. However, the amount of direct hydrogen injected into the gas grid is limited by country-specific standards and regulations. In the European Union the maximum is 0-12 vol.% or 0-2 wt.%. A detailed investigation of CSR on the injection of renewable hydrogen and RNG into natural gas (NG) pipelines has clarified current constraints and safety considerations in terms of gas injection, transport and end-use systems. |
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