| Abstract | Weight and balance activities are widely recognized and understood as important steps in the operation and maintenance of an aircraft to ensure safe and efficient flight. From the pilot's perspective, the operational limits and maneuverability of the aircraft are directly linked to the weight and balance of the aircraft. From a structural perspective, fatigue damage can vary significantly with center of gravity position and gross weight. In-flight center of gravity and gross weight estimation has been pursued for many years with varying success. One of the major challenges is the lack of data to verify an estimation model, since these parameters cannot be easily measured using sensors in flight. This paper reviews in detail the requirement and challenges of accurately monitoring center of gravity and gross weight. In addition, a survey of published work on the estimation of these values is provided. These efforts are divided into four categories: helicopter dynamic models, performance charts, state estimation, and machine learning methods. |
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