Printing of low-viscosity materials using tomographic additive manufacturing

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DOI	Resolve DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2024.104480
Author	Search for: Webber, Daniel¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7821-4041; Search for: Orth, Antony¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-6254; Search for: Vidyapin, Victor¹; Search for: Zhang, Yujie²; Search for: Picard, Michel¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5349-4833; Search for: Liu, David¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9338-315X; Search for: Sampson, Kathleen L.³ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-411X; Search for: Lacelle, Thomas²ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-8413; Search for: Paquet, Chantal²ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9344-8810; Search for: Boisvert, Jonathan¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-3968
Affiliation	National Research Council Canada. Digital Technologies National Research Council Canada. Quantum and Nanotechnologies National Research Council Canada. Security and Disruptive Technologies
Funder	Search for: National Research Council Canada
Format	Text, Article
Subject	tomographic volumetric additive; manufacturing; vat photopolymerization; PEGDA; hydroge
Abstract	Tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) is a high-speed 3D printing technique that overcomes many of the challenges faced by conventional layer-by-layer based approaches. However, unlike other vat photopolymerization techniques, VAM must use much higher viscosity resins prohibiting the use of more commonly available lower-viscosity materials. Low-viscosity poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) has seen wide usage in bioprinting techniques but has eluded printing in VAM. Using a VAM printer with a high angular dose delivery rate, as well as tomographic projections optimized for low-viscosity printing conditions, we demonstrate high-fidelity VAM printing in PEGDA with viscosities as low as 12 cP. Micro-computed tomography imaging of printed parts reveal close-to voxel resolution limited performance. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the first direct printing of a low-viscosity hydrogel in VAM. The proposed method expands the viscosity range, and in turn the catalogue of materials accessible to VAM, giving this printing modality the broadest viscosity range of any vat photopolymerization technique.
Publication date	2024-10-11
Publisher	Elsevier
Licence	Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
In	Additive Manufacturing 94, no. C, 104480 (25 August 2024).
Language	English
Peer reviewed	Yes
Identifier	S2214860424005268
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Record identifier	a65b29f7-ae93-4fb2-a490-e11606e9e83a
Record created	2024-10-22
Record modified	2025-11-03

Date modified:: 2026-01-20