| Abstract | Numerical modelling present an alternative to the more industry-accepted full-scale trials and physical model tests for predicting ice actions on ships and offshore platforms in a broken ice-field. Before a method is developed or adopted, it is essential to survey the existing methods that modelled relevant aspects of ice-ship interaction processes. This work presents an extensive literature survey of various existing ice-structure interaction models, primarily in the context of their applications to the simulations of stationkeeping and dynamic positioning (DP) of ships and offshore platforms in broken and managed ice-fields. A brief discussion is presented on various modelling methods, highlights of their capabilities, limitations, and applicability for real-time or fast simulations. Most of the computational methods such as finite element method (FEM), discrete element method (DEM), particle in cell (PIC) method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, and other conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods require high computation resources. They often take a long calculation time, which is unsuitable for real-time simulations. The suitable methods for such simulations are perhaps the non-smooth DEM (NDEM), 2-D DEM, empirical, and some hybrid methods. Regardless of the methods adopted, validations with quality measurements and observations are paramount to the success of the models. |
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